Ethanol is a renewable biofuel produced from plant-based materials, offering a high-octane and clean-burning alternative to petrol. It is a renewable and high-octane fuel derived from crops such as sugarcane, maize, surplus rice, and damaged food grains. Ethanol is blended with petrol in specific proportions, such as E5 or E10 or E20, to create a cleaner-burning fuel that reduces harmful greenhouse gas emissions, supports agricultural economies, and enhances energy sustainability.